Conceptual model of the process of formation of immobilization contractures

Contractures — limitation of passive movements in the joint are a fairly frequent complication after immobilization or mobility and loading limb due to injuries, but exact cause their formation has not been clarified. Objective. Based on meta-analysis results experimental modeling clinical studies contractures, create conceptual model formation. Methods. Literature sources from scientific bases were analyzed: Cochrane Library, Scopus, National Library Medicine, ReLAB-HS Rehabilitation Resources Repository, Mendeley Reference Manager, The Physiological Society library, Google Scholar. Results. A development contractures was created. It is shown that injured blocks execution signal motor impulses. lack movement leads decrease muscle strength slowdown blood circulation. These processes interrelated: hypotonia restriction nutrition through supply, contractile activity muscles rearrangement vessels. Articular cartilage nourished subchondral bone osmosis synovial fluid during movements. limits nutrition, protein synthesis disrupted, surface cartilage, membrane begins be rebuilt, capsule, ligaments, tendons thicken. At same time, structure changes, they shorten become denser. With long-term immobilization, degenerative tissues worsen its general condition, which can eventually lead complete immobilization. Conclusions. created joints takes into account morphological changes as result Immobilization affects all components adjacent first days, progress over time. use will allow system treatment measures prevent contractures.